Abstract
In the course of evolutionary changes pathogens have developed many invasion strategies, to which the host organisms responded with a broad range of defense reactions involving endogenous signaling molecules, such as nitric oxide (NO). There is evidence that pathogenic microorganisms, including two most important groups of eukaryotic plant pathogens, also acquired the ability to synthesize NO via non-unequivocally defined oxidative and/or reductive routes. Although the both kingdoms Chromista and Fungi are remarkably diverse, the experimental data clearly indicate that pathogen-derived NO is an important regulatory molecule controlling not only developmental processes, but also pathogen virulence and its survival in the host. An active control of mitigation or aggravation of nitrosative stress within host cells seems to be a key determinant for the successful invasion of plant pathogens representing different lifestyles and an effective mode of dispersion in various environmental niches.
Highlights
During plant–pathogen interactions a decisive role is played by the rate and intensity of reactions induced by both adversaries
Since pathogens may use nitric oxide (NO) to its own benefit and concurrently, NO may prime the host organisms and activate their defense, this review focuses on the mode of NO action in two most important groups of eukaryotic plant pathogens, i.e., fungi and oomycetes
A strong NO signal was found in young pycnidia of C. minitans and in the undifferentiated tissue of pycnidial primordia; in turn, weak fluorescence signals were observed in growing hyphal tips or hyphae, where pycnidia or primordia did not develop (Gong et al, 2007)
Summary
In the course of evolutionary changes pathogens have developed many invasion strategies, to which the host organisms responded with a broad range of defense reactions involving endogenous signaling molecules, such as nitric oxide (NO). There is evidence that pathogenic microorganisms, including two most important groups of eukaryotic plant pathogens, acquired the ability to synthesize NO via nonunequivocally defined oxidative and/or reductive routes. The both kingdoms Chromista and Fungi are remarkably diverse, the experimental data clearly indicate that pathogen-derived NO is an important regulatory molecule controlling developmental processes, and pathogen virulence and its survival in the host.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
