Abstract
Several studies were carried out in order to improve the knowledge about the occurrence and activity of nitric oxide (NO) in plants. Thus, this review discusses some aspects related to NO in plants such as chemical properties, synthesis pathways, physiological effects, antioxidant action, signal transduction, interaction with plant hormones and gene expression. In the last years, many advances have been obtained regarding NO synthesis and its physiological effects in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects remain poorly understood. It is signalized that tight interplays among NO, Ca2+, cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR), and protein kinases need to be investigated in details. In addition, it has not yet been possible to identify a plant enzyme displaying a nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like activity. The elucidation of such aspects represents a challenge to future studies.
Highlights
The plant hormone ethylene was the only gaseous signaling molecule in the living world known to science
Courtois et al (2008) suggested that SnRK2 protein kinases are involved in the regulation of expression of abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive genes; besides, plant cells challenged by osmotic stress might use nitric oxide (NO) as an early signalling compound acting upstream of SnRK2-induced pathways
Proteomic and transcriptomic strategies have led to the identification of numerous NO target genes and proteins
Summary
RESUMO: Diversos estudos vêm sendo realizados com a finalidade de aumentar o conhecimento sobre a ocorrência e a atividade do óxido nítrico (ON) nas plantas. A presente revisão objetivou abordar alguns aspectos referentes ao ON nas plantas, tais como propriedades químicas, vias de síntese, efeitos fisiológicos, ação antioxidante, transdução do sinal, interação com hormônios vegetais e expressão gênica. Muitos avanços têm sido obtidos em relação à síntese de ON e seus efeitos fisiológicos nas plantas. Os mecanismos moleculares que fundamentam seus efeitos permanecem pouco compreendidos. Ainda não foi possível identificar uma enzima vegetal que apresente atividade semelhante à da óxido nítrico sintase (NOS). Palavras-chave: patogênese, hormônios vegetais, transdução do sinal nas plantas, espécies reativas do metabolismo do oxigênio
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