Abstract
BackgroundNitric oxide (NO), an important signaling molecule with biological functions, has antimicrobial activity against a variety of pathogens including viruses. To our knowledge, little information is available about the regulatory effect of NO on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection. This study was conducted to investigate the antiviral activity of NO generated from S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), during PCV2 infection of PK-15 cells and BALB/c mice.ResultsGSNO released considerable NO in the culture medium of PK-15 cells, and NO was scavenged by its scavenger hemoglobin (Hb) in a dose-dependent manner. NO strongly inhibited PCV2 replication in PK-15 cells, and the antiviral effect was reversed by Hb. An in vivo assay indicated that GSNO treatment reduced the progression of PCV2 infection in mice, evident as reductions in the percentages of PCV2-positive sera and tissue samples and in the viral DNA copies in serum samples. GSNO also improved the growth performance and immune organs (spleens and thymuses) of the PCV2-infected mice to some degree.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that the NO-generating compound GSNO suppresses PCV2 infection in PK-15 cells and BALB/c mice, indicating that NO and its donor, GSNO, have potential value as antiviral drugs against PCV2 infection.
Highlights
Nitric oxide (NO), an important signaling molecule with biological functions, has antimicrobial activity against a variety of pathogens including viruses
Antiviral activity of generated from S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) in PK-15 cells As shown in Fig. 1a, the at 570 nm (A570) value of PK-15 cells treated with 125 μM GSNO did not differ significantly from that of the control cells in the MTT assay (P > 0.05)
PK-15 cells were seeded in 96-well plates, and when the cells in each well reached 40%–50% confluence, they were inoculated with the diluted samples, with eight wells used for each dilution
Summary
Nitric oxide (NO), an important signaling molecule with biological functions, has antimicrobial activity against a variety of pathogens including viruses. Little information is available about the regulatory effect of NO on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection. This study was conducted to investigate the antiviral activity of NO generated from S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), during PCV2 infection of PK-15 cells and BALB/c mice. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), which belongs to the family Circoviridae, is a small, non-enveloped virus with a circular, single-stranded DNA genome [1]. PCV2-infected piglets are readily contract concomitant infections, including porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus, porcine parvovirus and Haemophilus parasuis, suggesting that PCVAD is NO is an important molecule with key roles in a broad range of biological processes including neurotransmission, vasodilatation and immune responses [12]. Liu et al BMC Veterinary Research (2017) 13:59 the antiviral effects of NO against PCV2 infection are so far poorly studied
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