Abstract
Obesity with increased visceral adiposity is a low grade inflammatory state leading to insulin resistance. Because the insulin signaling pathway is coupled with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation, insulin resistance is always associated with impaired nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Recently, accumulating evidence has suggested that physical exercise and dietary nitrate/nitrite diets rich in vegetables improve the features of insulin resistance by enhancing NO availability, and thus provide potential options for prevention and therapy for these patients. This review discusses the mechanisms by which insulin resistance develops in the presence of increased adiposity, the causative relationship between impaired NO availability and insulin resistance, and the implications of life-style changes to prevent insulin resistance.
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