Abstract
Liquid swine manures are produced in large volumes in the western Paraná and Santa Catarina states and are reused as a source of nutrients. This study aimed to evaluate the losses of nitrate (N-NO3-1) after application of liquid swine manures in three samples of a Latosol (Rhodic Eutrudox) with different levels of soil organic matter and pH collected at different depths. The experimental design was completely randomized with one soil, three levels of soil organic matter (34.09, 22.36 and 8.6 g dm-3), four pH in CaCl2 (4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0) conditions and three replications. Each experimental unit contained 450 cm3 of soil that received a dose of liquid swine manures equivalent to 120,000 dm-3 ha-1. The concentration of N-NO3-1 was evaluated in the leaching solution after the weekly application of water equivalent to 150 mm for a period of 35 days. The amount of N-NO3-1 leached increased with soil organic matter content and soil pH. The amount of nitrate leached tends to be maximum at pH close to or above 7.0.
Highlights
The current high costs of mineral fertilizers, including nitrogen, may be one of the main factors limiting the current level of crops productivity
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil organic matter (SOM) content and pH values on the nitrate leaching of a Latosol (Rhodic Eutrudox) after application of liquid swine manures
Optimal pH and high SOM content which promote the nitrification of other nitrogen forms present in the soil and the LSM (BRADY; WEILL, 2009)
Summary
The current high costs of mineral fertilizers, including nitrogen, may be one of the main factors limiting the current level of crops productivity. Losses of nitrogen as nitrate leaching are of concern and it is affected by several soil and climate factors. The nitrate anion (N-NO3-1) has a negative surface charge and preferably forms outer-sphere complexes with the surface functional groups present on soils colloids (DYNIA, 2000; SPOSITO, 1989; LUCHESE et al, 2008; STRAHN; HARRISON, 2006; WONG; WITTWER, 2009). In humid tropical and subtropical climates, soils have negative charge balance on the soil surface due to the higher. In acid, sub-surface Oxisols (Latosols), Ultisols (Nitosols/Argisols) and Andisols, the amount of positive charges tends to increase and delta pH values decreases and tends to zero or is positive (DONN; MENZIES, 2005; EMBRAPA, 1984)
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