Nitrate and nitrite quantification in U.S. vegetable-based baby foods and infant formula via ozone chemiluminescence

Abstract

Determining nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) concentrations (“NN”) in infant diets is crucial due to their potential health implications and immature digestive systems. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of these ions in commercially available vegetable- and fruit-based baby foods and infant formulas in the United States. We evaluated 151 baby foods and 12 infant formulas to determine the NN quantity in these food items and to assess current exposure levels utilizing ozone chemiluminescence for sensitive detection. Our findings reveal notable variations in NN concentrations across different brands and types, with some exceeding recommended safety limits. The results underscore the necessity for regular assessment and monitoring of NN in these foods to inform development of regulatory standards to safeguard infant health. This research contributes to the discourse on dietary safety and highlights the importance of employing advanced methodologies for public health assurance and well-being of vulnerable populations.