Abstract
In this review, we present an overview of the applications and computed parameters of electromyography (EMG) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) methods on patients in clinical practice. The eligible studies were those where both techniques were combined in order to assess muscle characteristics from the electrical and hemodynamic points of view. With this aim, a comprehensive screening of the literature based on related keywords in the most-used scientific data bases allowed us to identify 17 papers which met the research criteria. We also present a brief overview of the devices designed specifically for muscular applications with EMG and NIRS sensors (a total of eight papers). A critical analysis of the results of the review suggests that the combined use of EMG and NIRS on muscle has been only partially exploited for assessment and evaluation in clinical practice and, thus, this field shows promises for future developments.
Highlights
In a clinical setting, it is often important to obtain feedback about the muscular status of a patient; in particular, during the rehabilitation of patients after a stroke or neurological impairments, or after orthopedic surgery [1]
Muscular activation and contraction is more often assessed with electromyography (EMG) and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which allow a continuous monitoring of the muscle during motor activities or rehabilitative exercises [5,6]
In a similar manner to the analysis of brain tissues and activity when coupling EEG and NIRS, which has been recently discussed [9], in this review, we focus on EMG and NIRS techniques which, when combined together, can simultaneously assess the electrical and hemodynamic activity of the working muscle, providing a strong characterization of muscles under multi-variate perspectives, which cannot be provided with the other mentioned techniques
Summary
Alessandro Scano 1 , Marta Zanoletti 2 , Ileana Pirovano 2 , Lorenzo Spinelli 3 , Davide Contini 2 , Alessandro Torricelli 2,3 and Rebecca Re 2,3, *. Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato (STIIMA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy. Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy. Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da
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