NIR molecule induced self-assembled nanoparticles for synergistic in vivo chemo-photothermal therapy of bladder cancer

Abstract

Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the commonest malignancies in the urinary system. Bladder cancer is divided into non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) according to the depth of invasion. Besides, the prognosis of MIBC remains poor. Surgical resection combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy is the standard treatment for MIBC. However, the major obstacle that hinders successful chemotherapy is its lack of tumor targeting. Here, we fabricated nanoparticles that respond to near-infrared laser irradiation in order to increase the drug accumulation at the tumor sites and combine chemotherapy with photothermal therapy to overcome challenges of bladder cancer treatment. IR780 and Doxorubicin (DOX) were loaded into albumin nanoparticles (IR780-DOX@Albumin NPs). In the process of IR780-DOX@Albumin NPs synthesis, the near-infrared molecule IR780 was used as the assembly molecular bridge. Under irradiation, the nanoparticles were decomposed due to the degradation of IR780 while the release of DOX increased. Nanoparticles can be ingested by tumor cells in a short time. The IR780-DOX@Albumin NPs were sensitive to near-infrared laser irradiation. Near-infrared laser irradiation can promote the release of the drugs from the nanoparticles and induce a photothermal effect, thus destroying the tumor cells. Given the excellent tumor-targeting ability and negligible toxicity to normal tissue, IR780-DOX@Albumin NPs can greatly increase the concentration of chemotherapeutic drugs in tumor cells. This study combines photothermal therapy and chemotherapy to treat MIBC, so as to avoid chemotherapy resistance, reduce the toxicity to normal cells, and achieve the purpose of improving the treatment of MIBC.