NIR-II-amplify high-entropy MXene-based sonosensitizer as sonodynamic therapy promotes methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus–Infected wound healing

Abstract

The growing pace of two-dimensional (2D) transitional metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) has become a spotlight for recent research. Similarly, the need to close the gap left by conventional antibiotics, fighting off bacterial infections, and drug resistance has become eminent. Especially, MXenes are widely used as excellent photothermal agents. However, there are limited reports on MXenes as sonosensitizer. Herein, a high-entropy MXene (HEM), TVNMC was fabricated for the generation of reactive oxide species (ROS) against Methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Interestingly the energy storage and conversion from the diverse composition of the TVNMC MXenes allowed the generation of ROS under US irradiation and even enhanced under Photothermal therapy. This combinatorial therapy undertook a near-total kill and eradication of MRSA with its biofilm. Moreover, TVNMC MXene simultaneously eliminated MRSA abscesses while promoting wound healing with negligible anomaly to murine tissues under sonodynamic and photothermal therapy, making the TVNMC MXene a promising sonosensitizer for possible biomedical usage. Overall, this system provides great potential for the use of high-entropy MXenes as a new type of sonosensitizer in anti-infection therapy.