Abstract
ABSTRACT Nipah virus is a zoonotic paramyxovirus that has caused outbreaks of human disease with high fatality rates. Important differences in epidemiological features of human disease are associated with Nipah viruses isolated from Malaysia and Bangladesh, with person-to-person transmission a major pathway for infection in Bangladesh. Comparisons of Nipah virus isolates in vitro have demonstrated differences in regulation of innate immunity and replicative ability. In contrast, similarities in infection outcomes and tissue tropism in the ferret model indicate that differences between viral isolates may not be the pivotal determinants of Nipah virus transmission. Consideration and understanding of the social and cultural context within which Nipah virus outbreaks occur may be critical in the development of practical, achievable disease management strategies.
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