Abstract
The present study delineates the formulation of niosomes as drug encapsulating assemblies via. sonication method. In this report, for the first time, 1-benzyl-2-butyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine (BBIQ) and 1-methyl-D-tryptophan (D-1MT/Indoximod) were encapsulated in niosomes and further characterized using particle size and microscopic analysis. BBIQ [Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 agonist] and D-1MT [Indoleamine2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor] are the immunomodulating drugs that can be used in several vaccines such as malaria, influenza, and cancer. Stability and solubility studies of nascent and drug-loaded niosomes were carried out to obtain the best formulation of BBIQ, D-1MT, and their combination. Typically, blank and drug-loaded niosomes of higher entrapment efficiencies (>90%) were observed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to study the drug interaction with niosomes. Release studies and kinetic modeling have been carried out to investigate the release behavior of drugs from the niosomes. Fluorescence probe quenching technique has been employed to determine the location and distribution coefficient of the drugloaded in the niosomes. The results obtained show niosomes as promising vehicles for the co-delivery of TLR7 agonist with IDO-inhibitor which can be explored in cancer vaccine.
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