Abstract
Refractory metal alloys based on Nb, Mo, Ta, W, and Re find applications in the aerospace industries because of their high melting points and high temperature strengths. They are generally produced by powder metallurgy technique due to their very high melting points. However, when refining is desired, melting under high vacuum becomes necessary, for which nuggets or powder based electrodes are employed. Niobium is the lightest refractory metal with density close to that of nickel, and exhibits good thermal conductivity. Niobium can be alloyed to improve high temperature strength and oxidation resistance. Applications in nuclear, aerospace, and defence sectors have been reported. The goal of current research in Nb alloys is to simultaneously achieve high strength and workability, and provide protection from oxidation for long-term operation. There is strong research interest in intermetallics also. This chapter will discuss the salient features of refractory metals and alloys in general, and Nb-based alloys in particular.
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