Abstract
BackgroundTo evaluate the effect of nicotinamide prior to streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetes in baroreflex sensitivity and cardiovascular autonomic modulation, and its association with hemodynamics and metabolic parameters.MethodsMethods: Male Wistar rats were divided into control (Cont) and STZ-induced diabetes (Diab). Half of the rats from each group received a single dose of nicotinamide (100 mg/Kg) before STZ injection (Cont+NicA and Diab+NicA). All groups were followed-up for 5 weeks.ResultsBody weight loss of more than 40% was observed in Diab throughout the period (Diab: 271.00 ± 12.74 g; Diab+NicA: 344.62 ± 17.82). Increased glycemia was seen in Diab rats (541.28 ± 18.68 mg/dl) while Diab+NicA group had a slight decrease (440.87 ± 20.96 mg/dl). However, insulin resistance was observed only in Diab. In relation to Cont, heart rate, mean blood pressure and diastolic function were reduced when compared to Diab, together with parasympathetic modulation and baroreflex sensitivity. All of these parameters were improved in Diab+NicA when compared to Diab. Improved baroreflex sensitivity and parasympathetic modulation were correlated with glycemia, insulin resistance, and body weight mass. Additionally, Diab+NicA group increased survival rate.ConclusionsResults suggest that the association of nicotinamide in STZ-induced diabetic rats prevents most of the expected derangements mainly by preserving parasympathetic and baroreflex parameters.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disease affecting about 422 million people worldwide
Type 2 diabetes, which accounts for 90–95% of all cases of DM, occurs due to a progressive loss of β-cell insulin secretion frequently on the background of insulin resistance compensated by increased secretion of insulin [1, 2]
Diabetic rats presented decreased Lee index when compared to other groups, and nicotinamide in diabetic rats reestablished this parameter (Fig. 1B)
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disease affecting about 422 million people worldwide It is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, According to the classification proposed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA), there are two DM types: type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes are heterogeneous diseases in which clinical presentation and disease progression may vary considerably [1]. Type 2 diabetes, which accounts for 90–95% of all cases of DM, occurs due to a progressive loss of β-cell insulin secretion frequently on the background of insulin resistance compensated by increased secretion of insulin [1, 2]. To evaluate the effect of nicotinamide prior to streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetes in baroreflex sensitivity and cardiovascular autonomic modulation, and its association with hemodynamics and metabolic parameters
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