Abstract

Solar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen production is a promising and environmentally friendly approach to relieve energy crisis and serve the carbon neutrality goal. Silicon nanowires (SiNWs), as one of p-type semiconductors, have more negative conduction band position than the water-resolved hydrogen potential, and wide range of light absorption due to their narrow band gap. Their PEC performance can be further improved by co-catalysts, and they can be used as photocathodes for hydrogen production. In this work, nickel phosphate (Ni3(PO4)2) was in situ decorated onto the SiNWs via a chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The Ni3(PO4)2 nanoparticles with diameters of about 20 to 50 nm were uniformly distributed on SiNWs arrays to construct heterostructures (Ni3(PO4)2-SiNWs). The Ni3(PO4)2-SiNWs composite showed a low onset potential to trigger water reduction. Compared with SiNWs, the Ni3(PO4)2-SiNWs composite had a much higher photocurrent and better PEC hydrogen production performance, which exhibited a stable photocurrent density of 16 mA cm−2 at 0 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) under simulated amplitude modulation (AM) 1.5G solar irradiation. This work provided a new solution to obtain nickel phosphate and fabricate the SiNWs-based photocathode.

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