Abstract
We report for the first time the combination of WO3 sensing elements with a non-noble metal–carbon composite, namely a nickel metal nanoparticle–carbon composite (Ni@rGO). Previous work with WO3 had used either NiO (as part of the WO3 lattice), solely carbon, Pd-surface decorated WO3 (Pd@WO3), or Pd or Pt@carbon@WO3. We demonstrate the gas response for pure WO3, rGO/WO3 and Ni@rGO/WO3 sensing elements towards NO2 and acetone in air as well as towards CO in N2. The addition of 0.35 wt % Ni@rGO composite to WO3 enables the increase of the sensory response by more than 1.6 times for NO2 vapors. The gas response towards acetone using 0.35 wt % Ni@rGO/WO3 composite was 1.5 times greater for 3500 ppm than for 35,000 ppm acetone. For 0.35 wt % Ni@rGO/WO3 composite and CO gas, a response time (Tres) of 7 min and a recovery time (Trec) of 2 min was determined.
Highlights
Toxic gases as well as volatile organic compounds (VOC) are known air pollutants and their emissions are harmful for humans and ecosystems [1]
We report for the first time the combination of WO3 sensing elements with a non-noble metal–carbon composite, namely a nickel metal nanoparticle–carbon composite (Ni@rGO)
We demonstrate the gas response for pure WO3, rGO/WO3 and nanoparticles on rGO (Ni@rGO)/WO3 sensing elements towards NO2 and acetone in air as well as towards CO in N2
Summary
Toxic gases as well as volatile organic compounds (VOC) are known air pollutants and their emissions are harmful for humans and ecosystems [1]. We demonstrate the gas response for pure WO3, rGO/WO3 and Ni@rGO/WO3 sensing elements towards NO2 and acetone in air as well as towards CO in N2. Because of the ultra-high surface area per atom and the high electron transport along the graphene plane, rGO has a rapid and high response to gas molecules at room temperature [30].
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