Abstract
In this work, Nickel (Ni) and sulfur (S) codoped TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by a sol-gel technique. The as-prepared catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), FT-Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) for investigating crystal structure, crystal phase, particle size and bandgap energy of these samples. The photocatalytic performances of all the prepared catalysts have been investigated for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. It was noticed that Ni-S codoped TiO2(Ni-S/TiO2) nanoparticles exhibited much higher photocatalytic activity compared with pure, Ni and S doped TiO2 due to higher visible light absorption and probable decrease in the recombination of photo-generated charges. It was decided that the great visible light absorption was created for codoped TiO2 by the formation of impurity energy states near both the edges of the collection, which works as trapping sites for both the photogenerated charges to decrease the recombination process.
Highlights
The continuous industrial development and the population growth level have directed extensive worries on environmental policies
The synthesized sample of surface morphology and particle size was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) with model number JEOL JSM6390, fitted with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) to determine the elemental structures of nanoparticles
The same dopant in a replacement form could increase the level of oxygen vacancy and promote the transformation of the phase, whereas the lattice constant could be strengthened in the interstitial form and inhibit the transformation of the phase
Summary
The continuous industrial development and the population growth level have directed extensive worries on environmental policies. The photocatalytic efficiency towards the degradation of various model-contaminants, such as formic acid, phenol, oxalic acid, and methyl orange [10,11,12,13,14] This worked on the principle that a generation of electron-hole pairs occurred when the light fell on the TiO2 surface. Transition metal ions and non-metallic elements doping can increase the quantum efficiency of T iO2 and create surface defects to decrease the photogenerated electron-hole recombination rate. It is well known that Ni ion is a more efficient dopant for TiO2, as it can improve electrical and magnetic properties The reason for this enhancement has been tentatively ascribed to the suppression of electron-hole pair recombination on the surface of the T iO2 catalyst by low valence Ni2+ ions [34]. Sol-gel technique was one of the most common methods of synthesizing T iO2-based photocatalysts because of its simplicity, low-temperature requirements, low cost, and a high potential for surface properties and controlling oxide substance [37, 38]
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