Niche separation, dynamics, and transport pattern of trace elements along Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) to its exclusive predator, mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari)

Abstract

In this study, the dynamics of the trophic niches and the accumulation and transfer of four trace elements—Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb—from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) to mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) were investigated. The results demonstrated that the average concentrations of Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb in E. superba were significantly higher than those of the corresponding elements in C. gunnari. These trace elements have a biodilution effect through E. superba to C. gunnari, and Cu has the lowest biomagnification factor among those four trace elements. It is observed that the Cu concentration in E. superba is correlated with its δ15N and δ13C, and the enrichment of Pb in C. gunnari is affected by its δ15N.