Ni-Pt nanozyme-mediated relaxation and colorimetric sensor for dual-modality detection of norovirus

Abstract

An NiPt nanozyme-mediated relaxation and colorimetric sensor is developed for dual-modality detection of norovirus (NoV). The relaxation modality is based on the “catalase-like” activity of the NiPt nanozyme, which adjusts the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) mediated Fe (II)/Fe(III) conversion, thereby changing the relaxation signal. Poly-γ-glutamic acid (MW ≈ 1w) can enhance the relaxivity of Fe(III) (r1 = 7.11 mM−1 s−1; r2 = 8.94 mM−1 s−1). The colorimetric modality exploits the “peroxidase-like” activity of the NiPt nanozyme, which can catalyze the oxidation of colorless 3, 3′, 5, 5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to blue oxTMB in H2O2. Under optimal conditions, the relaxation modality exhibits a wide working range (1.0 × 101–1.0 × 104 fM) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 4.7 fM (equivalent to 2820 copies/μL). The spiked recoveries range from 99.593 to 106.442 %, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) is less than 5.124 %. The colorimetric modality exhibited the same working range with a lower LOD of 2.9 fM (equivalent to 1740 copies/μL) and an RSD of less than 2.611 %. Additionally, the recombinase polymerase amplification reaction enabled the detection of low NoV levels in food samples with a working range of 102–106 copies/mL and LOD of 102 copies/mL. The accuracy of the sensor in the analysis of spiked samples is consistent with the gold standard method (real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction), demonstrating the high accuracy and practical utility of the sensor.