NGOs and Development Practices

Abstract

This chapter demonstrates that non-governmental organizations (NGOs), while promoting development, also inadvertently affect the way of life of the people in the area of their operation. By critically examining the role of NGOs in shaping global development policies and practices, their achievements, and existing challenges, this chapter argues that in the name of bottom-up approach, top-down development programs have been designed and implemented where actual beneficiaries have no ownership and control, thereby leading to failure of these programs in many cases. This chapter, thus, suggests a search for more flexible, participatory, and grassroots initiatives. By introducing three ethnic organizations in South and Southeast Asia, this chapter further argues that they are among the very few organizations formed and run exclusively by the indigenous peoples who decide, plan, and implement development activities based on their priorities and preferences. This reflects a fresh insight into pursuing alternative development through grassroots initiatives.