Abstract
Gene expression patterns are effectively regulated by turnover and translation regulatory (TTR) RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). The TTR-RBPs control gene expression at posttranscriptional levels, such as pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA cytoplasmic export, turnover, storage, and translation. Double-stranded RNA binding proteins (DSRBPs) are known to regulate many processes of cellular metabolism, including transcriptional control, translational control, mRNA processing and localization. Nuclear factor 90 (NF90), one of the DSRBPs, is abundantly expressed in vertebrate tissue and participates in many aspects of RNA metabolism. NF90 was originally purified as a component of a DNA binding complex which binds to the antigen recognition response element 2 in the interleukin 2 promoter. Recent studies have provided us with interesting insights into its possible physiological roles in RNA metabolism, including transcription, degradation, and translation. In addition, it was shown that NF90 regulates microRNA expression. In this review, we try to focus on the function of NF90 in posttranscriptional gene regulation and microRNA biogenesis.
Highlights
Posttranscriptional gene regulation contributes to biological diversity in many physiological activities and pathological conditions, such as tissue specificity, aging, oxidative stress, inflammation and tumorigenesis
nuclear factor 90 (NF90) was originally identified as a component of a DNA binding complex that interacts with the antigen recognition response element 2 (ARRE-2) in the interleukin 2 (IL-2) promoter and participates in the up-regulation of IL-2, which is a cytokine required for T-cell proliferation [22]
Neplioueva et al reported tissue-specific expression of NF90, and identified its target mRNAs in HEK293 cells [41]. These results indicate that NF90 could contribute to posttranscriptional gene regulation
Summary
Posttranscriptional gene regulation contributes to biological diversity in many physiological activities and pathological conditions, such as tissue specificity, aging, oxidative stress, inflammation and tumorigenesis. The turnover and translation regulatory (TTR) RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and non-coding RNAs including microRNAs (miRNAs), influence many posttranscriptional processes, such as pre-mRNA splicing, transport, degradation, storage and translation [1,2]. HuR and nuclear factor 90 (NF90) regulate both mRNA translation and stability [6,7,8,9] These TTR-RBPs regulate the posttranscriptional fate of target mRNAs, mainly by binding to their target sequences within the 3'-untranslated region (UTR), but sometimes within the 5'UTR or the coding region [10,11,12]. DSRBPs contribute to several aspects of cellular metabolism, including transcriptional activation, translational control, and mRNA processing and localization. We try to focus on the function of this unique DSRBP NF90 family in posttranscriptional gene regulation and miRNA biogenesis
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