Abstract
The Jews of Eastern Europe brought familiarity with communal life during their great migration to America between 1881 and 1924. As happened to other immigrant nationalities which arrived during the same period, the East European Jewish immigrants perceived American needs and responded to them by reshaping and extending their communal life. Myriad Jewish immigrant organizations were established, among which the hometown benevolent association, or landsmannshaft, was the most common. Yet, so far as we know, landsmannshaften did not even exist within East European Jewry, notwith standing extensive internal migration. Religious and secular benevolent associations existed in abundance among Hungarians, Italians, Czechs and others, but they were generally neighborhood organizations which rarely established a house of worship and a cemetery. The East European Jewish landsmannshaft in America, whether religious or secular, seems to be unique.
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