Abstract
Climate change is manifesting across the USA Mid-South and is impacting agricultural productivity, including the production of rice. This manuscript is a review of pertinent global literature concerning the effect of increasing temperature and carbon dioxide concentrations involving: 1) rice growth and development with an emphasis on spikelet sterility, 2) water availability for irrigation with the specter of aquifer overdraft and emerging water management technologies intended to improve water use efficiency, 3) the soil-plant continuum related to greenhouse gas emission and research avenues supporting agronomic practices that limit these emissions, and 4) region wide assessment of the economic and agronomic indicators to infer changes in the agricultural infrastructure and markets. Based on the global literature review and specific circumstances for USA Mid-South rice production, explicit proposals to mitigate and alleviate climate change are proposed. Key climate change mitigation proposals include: 1) support irrigation technologies that limit water usage and reduce methane emissions, 2) support soil carbon enhancement and newly emerging soil health agronomic practices, 3) achieve a greater usage of remote sensing activities to detect, in real time, field stresses, 4) support rice breeding activities that benefit furrow irrigation and provide heat tolerance, and 5) coordinate a rice region wide consensus to achieve farm gate activities that address climate change.
Highlights
Climate change is real, and its tangible effects are measurable
This manuscript is a review of pertinent global literature concerning the effect of increasing temperature and carbon dioxide concentrations involving: 1) rice growth and development with an emphasis on spikelet sterility, 2) water availability for irrigation with the specter of aquifer overdraft and emerging water management technologies intended to improve water use efficiency, 3) the soil-plant continuum related to greenhouse gas emission and research avenues supporting agronomic practices that limit these emissions, and 4) region wide assessment of the economic and agronomic indicators to infer changes in the agricultural infrastructure and markets
Recent research is proposing and evaluating technological solutions and assessing emerging agronomic practices to address the deleterious effects of climate change on rice production and reduce the emission of greenhouse gases (Wang et al, 2017)
Summary
Agriculture, and in particular rice production, is contributing methane and nitrous oxide emissions, accelerating the atmospheric concentrations of these potent greenhouse gases. Recent research is proposing and evaluating technological solutions and assessing emerging agronomic practices to address the deleterious effects of climate change on rice production and reduce the emission of greenhouse gases (Wang et al, 2017). The research objectives for this manuscript are 1) review the recent global literature addressing climate change influencing rice production, with a specific focus on the USA Mid-South rice producing region, 2) assess and credential the climate change rice issues expected to impact Mid-South rice production, and 3) provide explicit pathways for mitigating climate change impacts on rice production
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