Nexus between energy intensity and Environmental Quality SSA: Evidence from GMM

Abstract

Ecosystem protection is a priority for all nations, particularly developing nations. This state has the most active economic policy debate and development because of its commitment to equitable economic growth, environmental protection, energy conservation, and universal access to adequate energy. This article argues that Sub-Saharan Africa's economic progress and ecological sustainability are intertwined (S.S.A.). The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) theory proposes a U-shaped relationship between increased per capita income and emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), agricultural methane (ACH4), and carbon monoxide (C.O.) (CO2). The dynamics between GDP expansion, energy intensity, foreign direct investment, human capital, and carbon dioxide emissions are also investigated. We observed that trade significantly raises emissions of N2O, ACH4, and CO2 for the whole United States and its income categories (Upper-Middle-Income Countries (UMIC), Lower-Middle-Income Countries (LMIC), and Low-Income Countries (LIC)) (L.I.C. ). We believe the EKC demonstrates the feasibility of further emission reductions in the future since economic expansion in SSA nations is uniformly detrimental to the environment. The findings demonstrated the need for energy-efficient and secure industry while revealing the drawbacks of freer local commerce and foreign influence on the economy.