Abstract

背景与目的超声气管镜针吸活检(endobronchial ultrasound guided tranbronchial needle aspiration, EBUS-TBNA)是肺癌诊断和分期的重要手段,但经活检阴性结果的患者后续处理尚无标准流程。本文通过分析来自单中心的临床疑诊肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移但EBUS-TBNA病理结果阴性患者,以探讨此类患者处理方式。方法对北京协和医院2010年9月-2016年12月进行EBUS-TBNA的1, 412例患者资料进行分析,选取临床疑诊肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移但EBUS-TBNA病理诊断阴性的患者51例进行回顾性分析。结果入选51例患者按临床情况和后续处理方式分为以下5组:①经同一次气管镜下其他检查组(9例):该组患者大多(8例)存在镜下异常表现,通过活检、毛刷、灌洗或经支气管镜肺活检(transbronchial lung biopsy, TBLB)取得明确诊断;②再次EBUS-TBNA组(11例):该组患者气管粘膜及管腔大致正常,再次行EBUS-TBNA取得诊断;③手术治疗组(6例):该组患者因EBUS结果除外纵隔淋巴结转移,接受手术治疗。其中5例术后确诊无淋巴结转移癌;④进行其他病理检查组(15例):该组患者有其他部位转移,针对可能的转移灶进行计算机断层扫描(computed tomography, CT)引导下穿刺、淋巴结活检等确诊。⑤随访组(10例):该组患者未进行其他有创检查,中位随访时间38个月,其中1例随访中诊断为淋巴瘤。结论对于经EBUS-TBNA未能确定诊断而临床怀疑肺癌的患者,应该根据患者的具体情况,综合多种方式进行诊断。对于暂时无法确诊的患者,仍需要长期随访。

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