Next level peer-to-peer overlay networks under high churns: a survey

Abstract

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) technology has seen a remarkable progress due to its decentralized and distributed approach. A wide range of applications such as social networking, file sharing, long range interpersonal communication etc. are carried out with ease by employing P2P protocol candidates. There exists a huge span of such P2P protocols. In this paper, we review advanced protocols like ZeroNet, Dat, Ares Galaxy, Accordion etc. evolved from classic peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay networks. We utilize term classic to allude protocols like Chord, Pastry, Tapestry, Kademlia, BitTorrent, Gnutella, Gia, NICE etc. While coming to their design, several challenges existed with classic approach under high churn environment with growing network communication rate. To address these multifaceted network issues with classic P2P systems, novel approaches evolved which helped researchers to built new application layer networks on existing P2P networks. We contribute in this paper by systematically characterizing next-level P2P (NL P2P) and examining their key concepts. Arrangement of distributed networks is completed by numerous analysts, which incorporates classic P2P systems. In this work, we therefore aim to make a further stride by deliberately talking about protocols created from classic P2P systems, and their performance comparison in dynamically changing environment. Different aspects of P2P overlay frameworks like routing, security, query, adaptation to non-critical failure and so forth dependent on developed conventions are additionally examined. Further, based on our review and study we put forward some of the exploring challenges with NL P2P frameworks.