Abstract
High efficiency space solar cells based on the GaInP2 /InGaAs/Ge triple junction lattice matched device with 1 sun, AM0 efficiencies of approximately 30% are commercially available from several companies. Multiple approaches have been suggested for significantly surpassing the 30% efficiency level, but achieving this in a commercially viable cell has not been easy. We review those approaches, pointing out the advantages and challenges of each. SolAero has been focused on developing the inverted metamorphic multi-junction (IMM) solar cell, and has recently demonstrated a radiation hard version. We present the most recent performance data, including the response to particle radiation. The IMM cell can be used in a number of rigid or flexible configurations, and considerable effort has been focused on cell packaging and panel integration. The IMM device is ready to start qualification to the ECSS and AIAA standards.
Highlights
The GaInP2/InGaAs/Ge triple junction lattice matched solar cell is the primary source of space satellite power
While silicon solar cells were initially used for space power, they were replaced by III-V based devices, first by the GaAs single junction cell [2] and eventually by the previously mentioned triple junction cell
While the III-V devices were more expensive ($/Watt) than silicon on a bare cell level, at the array and panel level the III-V devices were a lower cost option [3, 4]. This was due to the III-V device higher efficiency and superior radiation hardness compared to silicon, which led to smaller area arrays, with fewer cells
Summary
The GaInP2/InGaAs/Ge triple junction lattice matched solar cell is the primary source of space satellite power. While the III-V devices were more expensive ($/Watt) than silicon on a bare cell level, at the array and panel level the III-V devices were a lower cost option [3, 4]. This was due to the III-V device higher efficiency and superior radiation hardness compared to silicon, which led to smaller area arrays, with fewer cells. If the higher cell performance is mission enabling, or if the $/W at the spacecraft level are equal or lower than current technologies, a higher bare cell cost will be acceptable. The decision needs to be made at the mission level
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