Abstract
The number of approaches related to recombinant protein production in plants is increasing rapidly day by day. Plant-based expression offers a safe, cost-effective, scalable, and potentially limitless way to rapidly produce recombinant proteins. Plant systems, which have significant advantages over animal and yeast recombinant protein production systems, are particularly promising for the large-scale production of antibodies and therapeutic proteins. Molecular pharming with transgenic plant systems become prominent among other production systems with its low cost, absence of human or animal pathogen contaminants, and the ability to use post-translational modifications such as glycosylation. The ability to produce recombinant pharmaceutical proteins in plant seeds, plant cells and various plant tissues such as hairy roots and leaves, through the stable transformation of the nuclear genome or transient expression, allows for the establishment of different production strategies. In particular, the rapid production of candidate proteins by transient expression, which eliminates the need for lengthy transformation and regeneration procedures, has made plants an attractive bioreactor for the production of pharmaceutical components. This chapter aimsto exhibit the current plant biotechnology applications and transgenic strategies used for the production of recombinant antibodies, antigens, therapeutic proteins and enzymes, which are used especially in the treatment of various diseases.
Highlights
In the last couple of decades, many initiatives have been carried out in which different disciplines came together for sustainable farming in respect to the increasing food demands of the world population which is expected to reach 9 billion thresholds in 2050
Unlike stable expression, when we focus on recombinant protein production strategies based on transient expression of transgenes carried by bacteria (A. tumefaciens) or viral vectors (tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), cauliflower mosaic virus (CMV), alfalfa mosaic virus (AVM)), it is seen obviously that stable integration of transgene is not necessary
Economic damages to farmers and the food industry as a result of the co-mingling of food and feed crops with plants designed for pharmaceutical production, the spread of transgenes through pollen or seeds, undesirable exposure of non-target organisms such as insects, birds and horizontal gene transfer are among the emerging risks [14]
Summary
In the last couple of decades, many initiatives have been carried out in which different disciplines came together for sustainable farming in respect to the increasing food demands of the world population which is expected to reach 9 billion thresholds in 2050. The increase in chronic and infectious diseases as a result of overpopulation, and the outbreak of epidemics and pandemics cause demands that exceed the production capacity of molecules used for diagnosis, treatment and prevention To satisfy these demands, cost-effective systems that can produce high-quality products, and allow to take action quickly are developed. In the last two decades, it has been possible to produce plantbased pharmaceutical proteins that can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases with the developments in gene transfer and production strategies of recombinant proteins in plants. To produce a recombinant protein, optimization of the coding sequences of a gene that is desired to transfer, determination of the gene expression strategy as stable or transient, selection of convenient plants and cost-efficient methods for isolation and purification of target proteins are required. Economic damages to farmers and the food industry as a result of the co-mingling of food and feed crops with plants designed for pharmaceutical production, the spread of transgenes through pollen or seeds, undesirable exposure of non-target organisms such as insects, birds and horizontal gene transfer are among the emerging risks [14]
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