Abstract
Industry 5.0 follows the steps of the Industry 4.0 paradigm and seeks for revolutionizing the way industries operate. In fact, Industry 5.0 focuses on research and innovation to support industrial production sustainability and place the well-being of industrial workers at the center of the production process. Thus, Industry 5.0 relies on three pillars: it is human-centric, it encourages sustainability and it is aimed at developing resilience against disruptions. Such core aspects cannot be fully achieved without a transparent end-to-end human-centered traceability throughout the value chain. As a consequence, Auto-Identification (Auto-ID) technologies play a key role, since they are able to provide automated item recognition, positioning and tracking without human intervention or in cooperation with industrial operators. Although the most popular Auto-ID technologies provide a certain degree of security and productivity, there are still open challenges for future Industry 5.0 factories. This article analyzes and evaluates the Auto-ID landscape and delivers a holistic perspective and understanding of the most popular and the latest technologies, looking for solutions that cope with harsh, diverse and complex industrial scenarios. In addition, it describes a methodology for selecting Auto-ID technologies for Industry 5.0 factories. Such a methodology is applied to a specific use case of the shipbuilding industry that requires identifying the main components of a ship during its construction and repair. To validate the outcomes of the methodology, a practical evaluation of passive and active UHF RFID tags was performed in an Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) under construction, showing that a careful selection and evaluation of the tags enables product identification and tracking even in areas with a very high density of metallic objects. As a result, this article serves as a useful guide for industrial stakeholders, including future developers and managers that seek for deploying identification and traceability technologies in Industry 5.0 scenarios.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONIndustry 5.0 envisions the development of human-centered, resilient and sustainable smart manufacturing systems that are able to make use of real-time pervasive networks
Industry 5.0 envisions the development of human-centered, resilient and sustainable smart manufacturing systems that are able to make use of real-time pervasive networksThe associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prakasam Periasamy .to support coordinated and complex processes [1]
In [35] the authors target workforce safety in relation to the exposition to several potential hazards, which can be critical in the case of very dynamic shipbuilding environments like ships under construction, where it is complicated to deploy fixed and wired infrastructure to monitor and detect dangerous situations
Summary
Industry 5.0 envisions the development of human-centered, resilient and sustainable smart manufacturing systems that are able to make use of real-time pervasive networks. In [35] the authors target workforce safety in relation to the exposition to several potential hazards (e.g., toxic gases generated in confined spaces during welding), which can be critical in the case of very dynamic shipbuilding environments like ships under construction, where it is complicated to deploy fixed and wired infrastructure to monitor and detect dangerous situations (e.g., gas leaks). For such scenarios, Perez et al [35] proposed a wireless multi-hop remote gas monitoring system based on Zigbee that connects gas detectors to control stations outside vessels. The sections apply the previously described methodology to a specific use case: the development of an Auto-ID system for identifying and keeping traceability of the components of a ship under construction
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