Abstract

 
 
 
 One of the most powerful tools for any stellar dynamics is the N-body simulation. In an N-body simulation the motion of N particles is followed under their mutual gravitational attraction. In this paper the gravitational N-body simulation is described to investigate Newtonian and non- Newtonian (modified Newtonian dynamics) interaction between the stars of spiral galaxies. It is shown that standard Newtonian interaction requires dark matter to produce the flat rotational curves of the systems under consideration, while modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) theorem provides a flat rotational curve and gives a good agreement with the observed rotation curve; MOND was tested as an alternative to the dark matter hypothesis. So that MOND hypothesis has generated better rotation curves than Newtonian theorem.
 
 
 
Highlights
N-body numerical simulation has nowadays evolved into a widely used tool in cosmology thanks to the rapidly growing computer performance and, at the same time, to the development of more sophisticated numerical algorithms
Et al Theory of the N-Body Problem the mathematical description of the gravitation will be given according to different hypothesis (Newtonian and modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND)); which is referred to Nbody problem simulation
The flatness of galaxies rotation curves at large radii was the first piece of observational evidence pointing out the possibility that there must be more mass in galaxy than its luminous matter shows
Summary
N-body numerical simulation has nowadays evolved into a widely used tool in cosmology thanks to the rapidly growing computer performance and, at the same time, to the development of more sophisticated numerical algorithms. The parallelization of N-body algorithms along with specialized hardware has increased the number of particles in simulation to billions. Some studies have addressed the question of the orbital structure in N -body systems of barred galaxies by Shen and Sellwood in 2004 and Ceverino and Klypin in 2007 in which, by definition, the orbits support the system self-consistently[6,7]. The study of the role of the chaotic orbits in the spiral structure was pursued by Voglis et al in 2006, using self-consistent N-body simulation of barred galaxies [8]. Bournaud in 2010 proposed that the continuous return of gas by stellar populations over cosmic times could help to solve this issue. Et al. Theory of the N-Body Problem the mathematical description of the gravitation will be given according to different hypothesis (Newtonian and modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND)); which is referred to Nbody problem simulation
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