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Abstract
BackgroundWest Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen which is harmful to human and animal health. Effective vaccination in susceptible hosts should protect against WNV infection and significantly reduce viral transmission between animals and from animals to humans. A versatile vaccine suitable for different species that can be delivered via flexible routes remains an essential unmet medical need. In this study, we developed a recombinant avirulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) LaSota strain expressing WNV premembrane/envelope (PrM/E) proteins (designated rLa-WNV-PrM/E) and evaluated its immunogenicity in mice, horses, chickens, ducks and geese.ResultsMouse immunization experiments disclosed that rLa-WNV-PrM/E induces significant levels of WNV-neutralizing antibodies and E protein-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. Moreover, recombinant rLa-WNV-PrM/E elicited significant levels of WNV-specific IgG in horses upon delivery via intramuscular immunization, and in chickens, ducks and geese via intramuscular, oral or intranasal immunization.ConclusionsOur results collectively support the utility of rLa-WNV-PrM/E as a promising WNV veterinary vaccine candidate for mammals and poultry.
Highlights
West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen which is harmful to human and animal health
Generation of rLa-WNV-PrM/E virus and in vitro characterization Recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing WNV PrM/E proteins was generated by inserting the PrM/E gene between the P and M genes in NDV genome cDNA (Fig. 1a)
Genetic stability of rLa-WNV-PrM/E was assessed by serial passage of the virus in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken eggs, and confirmed with RT-PCR and immunofluorescence
Summary
West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen which is harmful to human and animal health. A versatile vaccine suitable for different species that can be delivered via flexible routes remains an essential unmet medical need. West Nile virus (WNV) is the causative agent of West Nile fever (WNF), a major emerging zoonotic disease shown to have a significant negative impact on both human and animal health since the first recorded case in Uganda in 1937. Culex mosquitoes play an important role as the primary global WNV transmission vector, and are Vaccination in sensitive host animals, especially those abundant in number and closely associated with humans, such as horses, poultry and other bird species, should protect against WNV infection and significantly reduce transmission between animals and from animals to humans. A versatile vaccine suitable for different species that can be delivered via flexible administration routes remains an unmet medical requirement
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