New wheat genotypes tolerant to aluminum toxicity obtained by mutation induction

Augusto Tulmann Neto,Marcelo Correa Alves,Jairo Lopes De Castro,Carlos Eduardo De Oliveira Camargo,Wilson Penteado Ferreira Filho

doi:10.1590/s0100-204x2001000100008

Augusto Tulmann Neto, Marcelo Correa Alves + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2001000100008

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Abstract

Seed from the sensitive wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) cultivar Anahuac was treated to gamma-ray irradiation and eleven Al3+ tolerant mutants selected. The objective was to compare these mutants to the original Anahuac and to the tolerant wheat cultivars IAC-24 and IAC-60 from 1994 to 1996 in acid (Capão Bonito) and limed (Monte Alegre do Sul) soil field trials, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Grain yield and agronomic characteristics were analyzed. All the mutant lines yielded higher than the sensitive Anahuac cultivar in the acid soils of Capão Bonito. Under limed soil conditions, 10 mutants had a similar yield to the original sensitive cultivar and one a lower yield. The majority of the mutants were similar in yield to the tolerant cultivars IAC-24 and IAC-60 under both conditions. Some of the mutants showed altered agronomic characteristics, but these alterations did not generally influence the grain yield. The results indicated that tolerant lines with good characteristics may be obtained from a susceptible cultivar by mutation induction, thus allowing cropping under conditions where Al3 + is a limiting factor.

Highlights

Breeding for aluminum tolerant cultivars is among the main objectives of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding in the State of São Paulo (Camargo, 1993) since Al3+ sensitivity is an important limiting factor for yield in the majority of acid soils
These mutant lines were obtained after field selection in the M3 generation derived from seeds of Anahuac treated with 260 Gy and 310 Gy gamma-rays as described by Camargo et al (1996)
In several selected wheat mutants obtained in other countries, alterations have been found for other characteristics besides the object of the original selection (Donini et al, 1984)

Summary

Introduction

Breeding for aluminum tolerant cultivars is among the main objectives of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding in the State of São Paulo (Camargo, 1993) since Al3+ sensitivity is an important limiting factor for yield in the majority of acid soils. Wheat mutation induction has been used in Brazil with several objectives, and mutants for earliness, plant height, disease resistance and Al3+ toxicity tolerance have been obtained (Camargo et al, 1996; Tulmann Neto et al, 1996). In the case of the sensitive cultivar Anahuac, the objective was to obtain Al3+ tolerance mutants without alteration to the basic characteristics of the cultivar following the previously described strategy. Mutants obtained from gamma-rays irradiated seeds of the sensitive wheat cultivar Anahuac previously screened in nutrient solution for Al3+ tolerance (Camargo et al, 1987) were further selected under field conditions. The present study was carried out to assess the mutant lines and the original Anahuac, IAC-24 and IAC-60 cultivars

Material and Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusions