New varieties of apple trees in the assortment Central Black Earth Region of Russia

Abstract

In VNIISPK оver the past thirty years, 21 summer varieties of apple trees have been identified, of which 11 varieties are zoned in the Central Black Earth region of Russia: Orlinka, Augusta, Darena, Early Aloe, Maslovskoye, Yablochny Spas, Orlovim, Osipovskoye, Joy of Nadezhda, Zhelannoe, Yubilyar. Objective. To study the features of growth and fruiting of new summer varieties of apple trees on a medium-sized rootstock 54-118. The objects of research are summer varieties of apple trees bred at FGBNU VNIISPK (Orel city) - Avgusta, Daryona, Maslovskoye, Osipovskoye, Zhilinskoye, Spasskoye, Yablochny Spas and the control variety of Canadian selection Melba on a medium-sized clonal rootstock 54-118. Garden planting - 2014, garden planting scheme 5?2 m. When studying the strength of the growth of trees, it was revealed that the tallest trees (age 6 years) were in the varieties Apple Spas - 3.0 m and Osipovskoe - 2.9 m on a medium-sized rootstock 54-118. In 2021, Spasskoye had the highest yield - 26.2 kg/tree, Yablochny Spas Spas - 25.0 kg/tree. The largest yields on average over four years were produced by apple varieties immune to scab on a medium-sized rootstock 54-118: Zhilinskoye - 10.7 t/kg, Maslovskoye - 12.5 t/kg, Yablochny Spas - 13.6 t/kg and Spasskoye - 16.3 t/kg. When calculating the load of the crop per unit area of the crown projection, crown volume and cross-sectional area of the bole, the Maslovskoye variety turned out to have high rates.