Abstract
The use of lignin can be one of the methods of coke powder substitution in the agglomeration process. This article specifies the material research of lignin and the technological and ecological parameters of the agglomeration process in laboratory conditions using biomass lignin. The methodology of the Raman and infrared spectroscopy, representing a new approach in the analysis and assessment for the purposes of material characteristics for the agglomeration process, was applied to study the structure of carbonaceous matter. The material research of lignin has determined that its calorific value corresponds to ca. 80% of the calorific value of coke powder, while its reactivity is higher than that of the coke. Although the substitution of coke powder using different types of waste biomass (e.g., wood sawdust) in the production of the agglomerate is limited to the maximum of 8–15%, in case of lignin, more than 20% can be substituted, while the standard properties of the produced agglomerate are maintained. The lower emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides as well as the reduction of carbon footprint in the agglomeration process as a result of the so-called zero CO2 balance in the formation and processing of the biomass represent its positive aspects. Based on the laboratory research of lignin, up to a 50% substitution of coke powder with this type of biomass can be predicted for the technology of agglomerate production in real operation.
Highlights
Both current and historical trends of the global steel production indicate growth, raising questions in connection with the extraction of primary sources, processing of secondary raw materials, energy potential, and the utilization of alternative fuels to streamline and optimize the production process
The methodologies of the Raman and infrared spectroscopy were applied to study the structure of carbonaceous matter based on the biomass as well as the standard agglomeration coke
The Raman and infrared spectra provide information about the vibrational and rotational motion of polyatomic particles, where the frequency of vibrational modes depends on the weight of the present atoms and the binding capacity or parameters describing the structure of a molecule
Summary
Both current and historical trends of the global steel production indicate growth, raising questions in connection with the extraction of primary sources, processing of secondary raw materials, energy potential, and the utilization of alternative fuels to streamline and optimize the production process. In addition to the economy, the environmental impact will be the common denominator in the pursuit of new directions in the production of steel This very indicator appears to be the key issue for the future direction and changes in the technology of iron and steel production, which is immediately related to the technology of agglomerate production. In this context, enormous efforts have been made in recent years to search for the most appropriate methods to reduce or totally substitute the energy of fossil fuels in the area of agglomerate production as well. The research and application of biomass in the production of agglomerate have been taking
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