New twist on excited dark matter: Implications for INTEGRAL, PAMELA/ATIC/PPB-BETS, DAMA

Abstract

We show that the 511 keV gamma ray excess observed by INTEGRAL/SPI can be more robustly explained by exciting dark matter (DM) at the center of the galaxy, if there is a peculiar spectrum of DM states chi_0, chi_1 and chi_2, with masses M_0 ~ 500 GeV, M_1 <~ M_0 + 2 m_e, and M_2 = M_1 + delta M >~ M_0 + 2 m_e. The small mass splitting delta M should be <~ 100 keV. In addition, we require at least two new gauge bosons (preferably three), with masses ~100 MeV. With this spectrum, chi_1 is stable, but can be excited to chi_2 by low-velocity DM scatterings near the galactic center, which are Sommerfeld-enhanced by two of the 100 MeV gauge boson exchanges. The excited state chi_2 decays to chi_0 and nonrelativistic e+e-, mediated by the third gauge boson, which mixes with the photon and Z. Although such a small 100 keV splitting has been independently proposed for explaining the DAMA annual modulation through the inelastic DM mechanism, the need for stability of chi_1 (and hence seqestering it from the Standard Model) implies that our scenario cannot account for the DAMA signal. It can however address the PAMELA/ATIC positron excess via DM annihilation in the galaxy, and it offers the possibility of a sharper feature in the ATIC spectrum relative to previously proposed models. The data are consistent with three new gauge bosons, whose couplings fit naturally into a broken SU(2) gauge theory where the DM is a triplet of the SU(2). We propose a simple model in which the SU(2) is broken by new Higgs triplet and 5-plet VEV's, giving rise to the right spectrum of DM, and mixing of one of the new gauge bosons with the photon and Z boson. A coupling of the DM to a heavy Z' may also be necessary to get the right relic density and PAMELA/ATIC signals.