Abstract
Restorative dentistry is based on a continuous development of materials that make the best possible connection with dental tissues. Thus, dental adhesives have been researched with increasing interest. A successful adhesive system depends very much on its chemistry, as well as on the clinical procedures that must be appropriate for that type of dental adhesive. This review presents a retrospective of dental adhesives focusing on research into new types of adhesive systems that involves the use of nanoparticles. Dental adhesive systems are used in most clinical procedures related to restorative dentistry and can be classified into “etch-and-rinse” adhesives and “self-etch” adhesives. Recently, both types of adhesive systems have been modified, being loaded with different types of nanoparticles to try to improve them in terms of the thickness of the adhesive layer, but also to induce other special qualities. Therefore, in order to avoid compromising the restorative procedures by losing the restorations or by affecting the dental pulp due to cytotoxicity, several factors must be considered in choosing the adhesive system.
Highlights
Today, dental adhesives have a wide range of uses
Direct composite restorations in the frontal or posterior areas require the use of dental adhesives
Dental adhesives that were loaded with TiO2 nanoparticles, and that functionalized with acrylic acid under the action of visible light, showed an increase in shear strength by about 29% [19]
Summary
Direct composite restorations in the frontal or posterior areas require the use of dental adhesives. The method of penetration with different dyes (such as silver nitrate) consists of immersing the sample in a dye for a specific period of time, following the sectioning of the sample and its optical analysis to confirm the presence or absence of infiltration areas. These tests are semi-qualitative or qualitative and make the studies limited due to the evaluation of the sample, this being analyzed only in the plane where it was sectioned, the dye infiltration not being uniform, the degree of microinfiltration being difficult to measure subjectively. The use of a normal adhesive can influence future results due to the inaccuracy of differentiating the adhesive layer from air inclusions [18]
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