Abstract
The treatment of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is still controversial. Although, preoperative chemoradiation, followed by esophagectomy is the standard treatment, morbidity and patients’ quality of life problems after an esophagectomy are still considerable. Since a good pathologic complete response rate in patients after preoperative chemoradiation, a wait and see policy (with active surveillance) has been introduced as a new alternative approach after chemoradiation. Active surveillance involves imaging and biopsy evaluations in patients after chemoradiation to detect residual or recurrent tumors. If there are no residual tumors, observation is considered. Surgery is reserved for patients who present with residual tumors or locoregional recurrence after surveillance to achieve complete resection (salvage esophagectomy). Based on evidence from recent studies, surveillance with salvage esophagectomy is a treatment option for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients achieving a clinical complete response after chemoradiation.
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