Abstract
Abstract In the period between 1840 and 1842, Mary Ann Evans rejected the supernatural basis of Christian faith and took on a series of intensive projects translating texts that read Scripture critically and resisted orthodox efforts to reconcile or substantiate the accounts of the Gospels in order to safeguard the binding, sacred nature of revelation. At home among new freethinking friends and partners in Coventry, Evans would become the translator of David Friedrich Strauss’s The Life of Jesus (1835), Ludwig Feuerbach’s Essence of Christianity (1841), and Benedict de Spinoza’s Ethics (1677), texts which allowed English intellectuals access to German higher criticism and posited a basis for ethical modernity distinct from Christian orthodoxy.
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