Abstract

This article is devoted to the problem of working out of damping polymer materials which are effective in the wide temperature and frequency range. In the modern world, work is being carried out to create damping polymer composite materials (DPM) from which it is possible to manufacture protective elements and parts of engineering structures of reduced vibration excitability. Existing DPM have a narrow temperature range, within which effective vibration absorption is observed, moreover, most of them go through a vulcanization stage, which increases the cost of the final product, has a harmful effect on environment and allows limited recycling of waste. One of the ways to solve this problem is to replace traditional rubber vibration-absorbing materials with thermo-elastoplasts (TEP). The most promising polymer for TEP is ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), which has high damping properties, oil resistance and relative incombustibility. In this regard, experimental studies were conducted to establish the patterns of influence of the type and concentration of structure-forming components (plasticizers, fillers, modifiers) on the dynamic mechanical properties of TEP based on EVA in order to develop a new DPM effective in a wide temperature range. The leading method to investigate this problem is a method of dynamic mechanical analysis which allows to get information about changes of mechanical characteristics under mechanical load and controlled temperature and frequency. With the help of detected patterns it was possible to determine type of plasticizer which significantly decreases glass temperature of EVA. The percentage ratio of EVA/plasticizer system is stated, and the type of plasticizer at which the maximum of mechanical losses takes over greater values is accordingly detected. It is revealed, that to work out DPM on EVA basis, which are effective in wide temperature range it is more preferable to add not less than 40 % on volume basis inert fillers, such as talc or mica with addition of 5-10 % of carbon as the hardening additive. The kind of resin improving damping properties and raising rigidity of composites on EVA basis is defined. On the basis of the research, a material was developed which has the following properties: the maximum value of tan δ is at least 0.45 at a temperature of plus 5�C (oscillation frequency 10 Hz); width of the temperature interval within which tan δ is not less than 0.3 from minus 40 to plus 50�С (oscillation frequency 10 Hz); conditional tensile strength of not less than 10 kg/cm2, cold resistance up to minus 50�C.

Highlights

  • The most effective materials reducing vibration in designs are polymeric composites

  • Ethylene-vinyl acetate LG ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) ES 28005 («LG Chem», South Korea) with VA content of 28 % was chosen as a polymeric basis

  • That DOP and ChP are better combined with EVA, than industrial oil

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Summary

Introduction

The most effective materials reducing vibration in designs are polymeric composites. The highest damping properties at such materials are displayed at temperatures at which polymer of which the composite consists, is near to glass transition temperature [1]. Within the yielded temperature polymers have pronounced dissipation of mechanical energy into heat because of occurrence of coordinated movements of molecular chains [2, 3]. Efficiency of polymeric composites capturing energy of fluctuations, in comparison with other types of composites (ceramic, metal etc.) is caused by that polymers have wider transitive area from high-elasticity condition to vitreous in which there are maximum mechanical losses. This interval of temperatures defines a range of the most effective application of damping polymeric composites.

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