Abstract
Battery lifetime represents a significant concern for the techno-economical operation of several applications based on energy storage. Moreover, the charging method is considered as one of the main critical elements in defining and influencing the operating lifetime of batteries. Several charging techniques have been addressed in the literature, however almost all of them are suffering from lack of temperature feedback in order to maintain battery lifetime. This paper presents a new high-reliable charging method for battery energy storage systems (ESSs). The proposed temperature compensated multi-step constant current (TC-MSCC) method is developed based upon the modified (MSCC) charging method. It enhances the operating lifetime of batteries by employing a feedback from the battery temperature to control the duration and starting time of each charging current step. Compared with the traditional charging methods addressed in the literature, the proposed TC-MSCC method achieves faster charging than the conventional constant current (CC) and the constant-current constant-voltage (CC-CV) methods. Moreover, the proposed TC-MSCC method possesses longer operating battery lifetime with reduced thermal stresses compared to the traditional MSCC methods. The proposed charging method is verified by simulation and experimental results using 9 Ah lead-acid battery. However, the new proposed TC-MSCC method is generalized and can be applied to various types of batteries. The detailed performance comparisons and results show the superiority of the proposed methods over the most widespread charging methods in the literature.
Highlights
Energy storage systems (ESSs) provide several additional flexibilities for electrical power systems [1]
SIMULATION RESULTS A simulation case study has been performed for assessing the performance of the new proposed temperature compensated multi-step constant current (MSCC) (TC-MSCC) charging method using 9 Ah, 12 V battery in the Matlab Simulink platform
It can be seen that the main difference between the constant current (CC), and constant-current constant-voltage (CC-constant voltage (CV)) charging methods is the additional CV phase in the CC-CV methods
Summary
Energy storage systems (ESSs) provide several additional flexibilities for electrical power systems [1]. Increased complexity and implementation burdens represent the main obstacles for these charging methods for commercial applicability These methods ignore their effects on the operating lifespan of batteries. The application of MSCC charging has higher charging efficiency and it has achieved reduced temperature rise compared to the conventional CC-CV method [20]. In the existing MSCC methods in the literature, the charging patterns are controlled through the feedback from the battery voltage [27]. Thence, the existing MSCC charging methods do not guarantee reliable operation of the battery system due to their dependency only on the cut-off voltage and cumulative temperature rise. The proposed TC-MSCC method enhances the operating lifetime of lead-acid batteries by employing feedback of battery temperature to control the duration and starting of each CC step.
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