Abstract

We use the complex ø4 field at finite density as a model system for developing further techniques based on worldline formulations of lattice field theories. More specifically we: 1) Discuss new variants of the worm algorithm for updating the ø4 theory and related systems with site weights. 2) Explore the possibility of canonical simulations in the worldline formulation. 3) Study the connection of 2-particle condensation at low temperature to scattering parameters of the theory.

Highlights

  • In recent years we have seen a fast development of dualization techniques for lattice field theories which is largely motivated by exploring new approaches for overcoming complex action problems for simulations at finite chemical potential

  • The first successful dual representation was discussed by Endres in [6, 7] and since the complex φ4 field has been used as a model system for many important developments of worldline techniques [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18], as well as as a reference system for other approaches to overcome the complex action problem

  • All three topics, improved worm algorithms, canonical worldline simulations and the relation of scattering data to low temperature condensation are methods and phenomena with implications beyond the simple φ4 theory which here is merely considered for developing the techniques and physical ideas

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Summary

Introduction

In recent years we have seen a fast development of dualization techniques for lattice field theories which is largely motivated by exploring new approaches for overcoming complex action problems for simulations at finite chemical potential (see, e.g., the reviews [1,2,3,4,5]). The first successful dual representation was discussed by Endres in [6, 7] and since the complex φ4 field has been used as a model system for many important developments of worldline techniques [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18], as well as as a reference system for other approaches to overcome the complex action problem (see, e.g., [19,20,21,22,23,24] in this context). We revisit the problem of optimizing the worm algorithm, explore the possibility of canonical worldline simulations and study the relation of the 2particle condensation thresholds at low temperatures to scattering data of the theory. All three topics, improved worm algorithms, canonical worldline simulations and the relation of scattering data to low temperature condensation are methods and phenomena with implications beyond the simple φ4 theory which here is merely considered for developing the techniques and physical ideas

Worldline representation of the complex φ4 field
New concepts for Monte Carlo simulations with worm algorithms
Canonical worldline simulations
Particle condensation and scattering data
Summary
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