Abstract
The roots of medical therapy of penile cancer include conventional chemotherapy agents, and some early use of immunotherapy, namely interferon. While the development of further use of conventional chemotherapy continues to the present, including not just timing, combination, and route of administration variations, the use of newer agents in the targeted therapy and immunotherapy categories is seen across all oncologic therapeutics. Penile cancer is not different, with molecular analyses trying to tie into particular targets, such as epidermal growth factor receptor. Immune treatments both from the perspective of general immune modulations with checkpoint inhibitors, and also leveraging specific features of human papillomavirus (HPV), for HPV-associated squamous penile cancer are of interest as well.
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