Abstract
Persulfate (PS)-activated, iron-based heterogeneous catalysts have attracted significant attention as a potential advanced and sustainable water purification system. Herein, a novel Fe3O4 impregnated graphene oxide (Fe3O4@GO)-activated persulfate system (Fe3O4@GO+K2S2O8) was synthesized by following a sustainable protocol and was tested on real wastewater containing dye pollutants. In the presence of the PS-activated system, the degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B (RhB) was significantly increased to a level of ≈95% compared with that of Fe3O4 (≈25%). The influences of different operational parameters, including solution pH, persulfate dosage, and RhB concentration, were systemically evaluated. This system maintained its catalytic activity and durability with a negligible amount of iron leached during successive recirculation experiments. The degradation intermediates were further identified through reactive oxygen species (ROS) studies, where surface-bound SO4− was found to be dominant radical for RhB degradation. Moreover, the degradation mechanism of RhB in the Fe3O4@GO+K2S2O8 system was discussed. Finally, the results indicate that the persulfate-activated Fe3O4@GO catalyst provided an effective pathway for the degradation of dye pollutants in real wastewater treatment.
Highlights
Water pollution is regarded as one of the most important issues worldwide due to its harmful and dangerous impact on ecosystems and human health
The treatment efficiency of real wastewater containing Rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB), and orange II (OII) dyes was checked in the presence of the Fe3 O4 @graphene oxide (GO)+ K2 S2 O8 system
It was noticed that the presence of the Fe3 O4 @GO + K2 S2 O8 system system revealed the highest reaction rate constant among all of the used catalysts. These results revealed the highest reaction rate constant among all of the used catalysts. These results indicate that a indicate that a significant synergistic effect was exhibited in the Fe3O4@GO + K2S2O8 combined system, significant synergistic effect was exhibited in the Fe3 O4 @GO + K2 S2 O8 combined system, which was which was revealed as being the most efficient for RhB degradation
Summary
Water pollution is regarded as one of the most important issues worldwide due to its harmful and dangerous impact on ecosystems and human health. Transition-metal-based catalysts have been widely utilized as a PS activator due to their excellent catalytic efficiency [9]. Transition-metal-based heterogeneous catalyst systems have received tremendous attention for PS activation because of their environmentally friendly nature, high performance, simple operation stability, and high availability [11]. Iron (Fe)-based heterogeneous catalyst materials (e.g., Fe3 O4 ) have received much attention regarding frequently activating PS because of their high natural abundance, low price, and they could prevent secondary pollution through their recovery performance [12]. Fe3 O4 nanoparticles usually tend to aggregate in the solution, which can decrease their surface area and cause lower stability and catalytic efficiency [13] Taking this into consideration, it is necessary to use a proper support that can enhance their overall performance. The treatment efficiency of real wastewater containing RhB, MB, and OII dyes was checked in the presence of the Fe3 O4 @GO+ K2 S2 O8 system
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