Abstract
Much public research suggests that autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are induced by aberrant “self” immune responses attacking autologous tissues and organ components. However, recent studies have reported that autoimmune diseases may be triggered by dysbiotic composition changes of the intestinal bacteria and an imbalance between these bacteria and intestinal immune systems. However, there are a few solid concepts or methods to study the putative involvement and relationship of these inner environmental factors in RA pathogenesis. Fortunately, Collagen-Induced Arthritis (CIA) and Collagen Antibody-Induced Arthritis (CAIA) models have been widely used as animal models for studying the pathogenesis of RA. In addition to RA, these models can be extensively used as animal models for studying complicated hypotheses in many diseases. In this review, we introduce some basic information about the CIA and CAIA models as well as how to apply these models effectively to investigate relationships between the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, especially RA, and the dysbiosis of intestinal bacterial flora.
Highlights
Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been believed to be caused by an overactivated immune system recognizing and attacking “self” tissues as “foreign” tissues
RA is not a disease induced in only HLA-DR4 positive individuals; rather, it may depend on conditions in hosts and environmental factors including lifestyle habits [4], diet [5], periodontal diseases [6,7,8], gastrointestinal diseases [9], mental stress [10], dysbiosis of intestinal bacteria [11, 12], and immunological dysfunctions correlated with aging [13]
We introduce some basic information about Collagen-Induced Arthritis (CIA) and Collagen Antibody-Induced Arthritis (CAIA), and new Autoimmune Diseases approaches as well as strategies for using these models to understand better the contribution of bacteria in the pathogenesis of RA
Summary
Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been believed to be caused by an overactivated immune system recognizing and attacking “self” tissues as “foreign” tissues. RA is not a disease induced in only HLA-DR4 positive individuals; rather, it may depend on conditions in hosts and environmental factors including lifestyle habits (smoking) [4], diet [5], periodontal diseases [6,7,8], gastrointestinal diseases [9], mental stress [10], dysbiosis of intestinal bacteria [11, 12], and immunological dysfunctions correlated with aging [13]. Based on significant accumulated information, both models can be useful to investigate the contribution of conditions in hosts and environmental factors in autoimmune diseases. We introduce some basic information about CIA and CAIA, and new Autoimmune Diseases approaches as well as strategies for using these models to understand better the contribution of bacteria in the pathogenesis of RA
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