Abstract
Skeletal muscle injuries are common causes of severe long-term pain and physical disability, accounting for up to 55% of all sports injuries. The phases of the healing processes after direct or indirect muscle injury are complex but clearly defined and include well-coordinated steps: degeneration, inflammation, regeneration, and fibrosis. Despite this frequent occurrence and the presence of a body of data on the pathophysiology of muscle injuries, none of the current treatment strategies have been shown to be really effective in strictly controlled trials. Various strategies, including standard protocol as PRICE/POLICE, fisiochinesiterapic treatment, kinesiotaping, mechanical stimulation, growth factor injections, transplantation of muscle stem cells in combination or not with biological scaffolds, and anti-fibrotic therapies, may become therapeutic alternatives to improve functional muscle recovery.
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