Abstract
In the present study, several new stachydrine-based room temperature ionic liquids ([Cn-Sta] ILs, n = 2, 3, 4 or 5) are prepared, characterized and applied as an electrolyte additive to significantly improve LiFePO4 battery performance. The Sta-based ILs are structurally homologous with the popular pyrrolidinium ILs combining a chiral ester group close to the N+ cationic center, leading to low symmetry for the absence of cold crystallization, a wide liquid range from about −60 °C (glass transition temperature) to 320 °C (thermal decomposition temperature) and a decent electrochemical stability window (∼4.5 V). These ILs are ready to decompose on the surface of LiFePO4 particles to form LiF-rich and robust cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) passivation layers, according to an aggregate study of electrochemical and morphological evidence. As a result, the ILs are used as an efficient CEI-forming additive to improve the LiFePO4 battery performance, namely higher capacity and cyclic capacity retention, better high-current rate performance and lower initial resistance.
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