Abstract
A new species of Trachycorystes from the rio Aripuanã, above Dardanelos and Andorinhas falls, is described. The new species is distinguished from the only other species of the genus, T. trachycorystes, by the following characteristics: jaws of equal length (vs. lower jaw prognathous in T. trachycorystes); skull roof covered by thick (vs. thin) integument; inner mental barbel very thin and short not reaching base of outer barbel (vs. extending to or beyond base of outer mental barbel); dorsal-fin spine serrated posteriorly, smooth or rough anteriorly (vs. serrated anteriorly and smooth or rough posteriorly); caudal fin shallowly forked (vs. emarginate); and gas bladder simple, without diverticula (vs. with three posterior diverticula). Comments and data on the nominal species Trachycorystes trachycorystes are provided. Trachycorystes cratensis Miranda Ribeiro, 1937, is allocated to the genus Trachelyopterus Valenciennes, 1840, and another local catfish species, Parotocinclus aripuanensis Garavello, 1988, has its type locality reassigned.
Highlights
On the basis of material collected above the falls several new fishes were described, including Inpaichthys kerri, a new species and genus of Characidae proposed by Géry & Junk (1977)
Among the auchenipterids collected from the upper portion of the rio Aripuanã some looked quite peculiar upon first examination and seemed representative of a new taxa
Trachycorystes menezesi can be distinguished from its sole congener T. trachycorystes by having: jaws equal in length; skull roof covered by thick integument concealing bony sculptures; inner mental barbel thin and very short, not reaching base of outer mental barbel; dorsal-fin spine serrated only along posterior margin; caudal fin weakly forked; gas bladder simple, without diverticula
Summary
From 6 to 18 November the expedition explored the rio Aripuanã as well as its small tributaries, both above and bellow the waterfalls. On the basis of material collected above the falls several new fishes were described, including Inpaichthys kerri, a new species and genus of Characidae proposed by Géry & Junk (1977). Among the auchenipterids collected from the upper portion of the rio Aripuanã some looked quite peculiar upon first examination and seemed representative of a new taxa. The genus Trachycorystes was proposed by Bleeker (1858) and currently contains four nominal species (Reis et al, 2003; Ferraris, 2007): T. trachycorystes (Valenciennes, 1840: 214) (Type locality Brésil [= Brazil]), T. typus Bleeker, 1862: 6. T. trachycorystes is considered the only valid species of the genus, and is distinguished from the new species of Trachycorystes described . Trachycorystes menezesi can be distinguished from its sole congener T. trachycorystes by having: jaws equal in length (vs. lower jaw longer, prognathous in T. trachycorystes); skull roof covered by thick integument concealing bony sculptures (vs. skull roof covered by thin integument, bony sculptures visible); inner mental barbel thin and very short, not reaching base of outer mental barbel (vs. inner mental barbel thicker, extending to or beyond base of outer mental barbel); dorsal-fin spine serrated only along posterior margin (vs. dorsal-fin spine serrated only along anterior margin); caudal fin weakly forked (vs. emarginate); gas bladder simple, without diverticula (vs. gas bladder with three posterior diverticula, one medial and paired posterolateral)
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