Abstract
Abstract In 2000 the United States National Archives opened a collection of intelligence documents containing new evidence about the October 1943 roundup and deportation of more than 1,000 Jews in Rome. This article draws upon British decodes of radio messages exchanged between SS and SD officials in Rome and Berlin to identify key participants in the decisions to deport and murder Italian Jews, and to revise the chronology of these decisions. It also shows that this evidence could have been useful in post-World War II trials of a number of Nazi officials, such as Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Karl Wolff, and Wilhelm Harster. Finally, it suggests that the attitudes of the Italian public represented a significant obstacle for Nazi officials seeking to carry out the Final Solution in Italy.
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