Abstract
Small-angle scattering is a powerful tool for the investigation of micellar solutions. By applying a shear flow, increased information can be obtained. A new parallel disks shear apparatus for in situ detection of the sheared state by means of small-angle x-ray scattering is described. The steady shear rate Γ may be changed from 0.25 to 200 s−1. If needed transient shear rates Γ having the shape of stop and go, being sinusoidal or a ramp, can be applied. Typical response times of the apparatus are less than 1 s. The path length of the x rays in the shear cell can be continuously changed between 0.5 and 5 mm. The angle α between the incident x-ray beam and the shear gradient vector Γ may be varied from 0° to approximately 55°. As an example, we give a brief report of experiments performed on two sheared aqueous surfactant solutions with differently shaped (disk-like and rod-like) particles: a 30% by weight solution of tetramethylammonium perfluorononanoate in D2O and a 30 mM solution of tetraethylammonium perfluorooctanesulfonate in H2O.
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