Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, the molecular mechanisms by which cells acquire, distribute, and utilize copper have been under intense investigation. Significant progress has been made in the identification of genes encoding copper homeostasis proteins and in fundamental aspects of their structure, function, and mechanisms of action in copper balance. A number of more comprehensive reviews of the field with respect to the genetics, structure, function, and physiology of copper metabolism have recently appeared elsewhere (1–4). Here, we review general mechanisms for eukaryotic copper metabolism at the cellular level in the context of recent discoveries in the field, identifying potential new functions for copper and copper metabolism proteins in cell signaling, gene expression, tumor cell metastasis, and resistance to anti-neoplastic drugs.
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