Abstract
Some mountain tunnels suffer from perennial deformation induced by overburden and confining stresses. Conventionally rock bolts are being used as a countermeasure. Oftentimes the conventional rock bolts fail to deliver their optimum performance, owing to several potential causes. Such as: the ground around the tunnel is too plasticized while transmitting shear forces along with the solidified mortar; and the rock bolts are poorly anchored with grout at the rear end. Considering these facts, we develop a bonding of rock bolt, named CIB-bolt, a combined mechanism deals with ground Improvement, to improve the plasticized ground while preventing further deformation of tunnel and to achieve positive bonding of rock bolts. To confirm the effectiveness of the developed rock bolt which was utilized in the experiment model, a real field application and numerical analysis also were conducted. Observed results indicate that, the developed rock bolt exhibits excellent performance in transmitting axial stresses towards the hard layers of rock. This mechanism can prevent the yielding or plasticization of adjacent ground and control the deformations of tunnel lining.
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